Series details: CRDA/43

The Ancient Woodland Inventory (AWI) identifies and records information about ancient woodland in England. For the purposes of the Inventory, "ancient" woods are those which are believed to have been in existence since at least 1600 AD and which have only been cleared for underwood or timber production. The Inventory covers woodland sites which had an area of at least two hectares on the Ordnance Survey's First Series 1:25,000 maps. Smaller woods are excluded. It includes ancient semi-natural woodland, ancient replanted woodland and ancient woodland sites which have been cleared since the surveying for the Ordnance Survey First Series 1:25,000 maps. For definitions of these categories, see Scope and content.

The AWI was begun by the Nature Conservancy Council in 1981. It grew out of a recognition in forestry circles, by the late 1970s, of the importance of ancient woodland in nature conservation. Studies by George Peterken and Oliver Rackham emphasised the distinctive nature of woods which had existed since medieval times, as opposed to woods which had been planted or grown up naturally in the last few centuries. Ancient woodland sites often contain communities of animals and plants which are confined to, and dependent for their existence upon, ancient semi-natural woodland. Many natural characteristics of such sites, such as woodland composition and soil profile, are important to nature conservation and may be relics of the original natural forest cover. Ancient woodland can also contain historical landscape and archaeological features which are important in their own right. It was recognised that ancient woodland was subject to particular pressures and was declining, particularly in eastern England, due to the conversion of semi-natural woodland to plantations and farmland.1

The original aims of the AWI were to:

• Provide an estimate of the extent and location of ancient woodland.
• Indicate the extent of losses of ancient semi-natural woodland, and act as a baseline against which further changes to ancient woodland could be measured.
• Help in planning more detailed surveys.
• Assist in the selection of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).
• Provide information of use to other conservation organisations.
• Be useful in discussions about forestry policies for broadleaved woodland.2

At the time of the transfer of the first AWI dataset to NDAD (2001-2002), the AWI was an ongoing data gathering exercise which was maintained and updated by the Nature Conservancy Council's successor, English Nature. The AWI is based on data from existing sources. For information on the data gathering process and the updating of the Inventory, see How data was originally captured and validated.

Three main products have resulted from the Inventory and have been used to disseminate AWI data:

(1) Published reports - known as provisional county inventories - which summarise the results of the AWI for each of the post-1974 counties of England. The reports give an overview of the methodology and findings of the AWI, and include 1:50,000 maps showing the location of ancient woodland. The reports were accompanied by summary tables and printouts of wood-level data for each county. The reports are known as "provisional" because of the expectation that the information will be revised as new or more detailed data about woodland is received. Some have gone through several editions. English Nature also issued a series of separate Research Reports, summarising changes to the AWI, which could be used to update the provisional county inventories. Copies of these publications have been transferred to NDAD and can be consulted via the Dataset Documentation Catalogue.

(2) A database holding data gathered in the AWI for all of England, with records for individual woodland sites. The dataset currently held by NDAD is derived from this database (see Scope and content for information on its contents). At the time of transfer of the dataset to NDAD (2001-2002), the database was integrated into English Nature's ENSIS information system (see Logical structure and schema).

(3) A dataset of digital boundary data capable of being loaded into a geographical information system (GIS). Between 1995 and 1999 a joint project between English Nature and the Forestry Commission digitised the boundaries of ancient semi-natural and ancient replanted woodland sites (for information on how this was done, see How data was originally captured and validated). This resulted in a GIS dataset consisting of digital boundaries (digitised at 1:25,000 scale) for each site, plus information calculated by the GIS such as grid reference, total area, semi-natural area and replanted area. At the time of transfer of the first AWI dataset to NDAD (2001-2002), AWI digital boundary data could be downloaded from English Nature's web site.3

Provisional inventory reports for the AWI were sent to a variety of organisations, including the Forestry Commission, the Countryside Commission, the National Trust, conservation organisations and county and district councils. Some local authorities have used AWI data for local planning purposes, to ensure that ancient woodland is protected. The AWI played an important role in supporting the Broadleaves Policy launched by the Forestry Commission in 1985. This aimed to retain ancient semi-natural woodland as a source of hardwood timber through special measures and grant schemes, to ensure that the area of ancient semi-natural woodland did not diminish further. In order for the policy to work, data on the location of ancient woodland (supplied by the AWI) was required. The AWI was also used by the Forestry Commission to determine areas where special policies on the appropriate management of different types of ancient woodland should apply. The AWI has played an important role in supporting English Nature's Position Statement on Environmentally Sustainable Forestry and Woodland Management, issued in 1994 (for a copy of this statement, see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, appendix 10).4

When it was launched in 1981 by the Nature Conservancy Council, the AWI was intended to be an inventory of woods in Great Britain as a whole. Parallel inventories were carried out in Wales and Scotland as well as in England. In 1991 the Nature Conservancy Council was replaced by English Nature. English Nature dealt with nature conservation in England only, and inherited responsibility for the English part of the AWI. Scottish Natural Heritage and the Countryside Council for Wales were established to cover Scotland and Wales, respectively, and appear to have taken over the inventories in their countries.5

Within the Nature Conservancy Council, responsibility for the AWI rested in the Chief Scientist's Directorate. This responsibility later passed to the Lowlands Team of English Nature, based in English Nature's Peterborough headquarters. When the first AWI dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002, all English Nature offices had networked read-only access to the AWI database. The right to modify the database was restricted to specialists in Lowlands Team.6

For information on the Nature Conservancy Council and its successors, see the Administrative History of the Nature Conservation Departments. Information on the Forestry Commission can be found in the Forestry Commission's Administrative History.

The AWI covers the following types of woodland:

• Ancient semi-natural woodland: "all stands of ancient woodland which did not obviously originate from planting". The following are included in this category in the AWI: birch woodland on disturbed ground inside ancient woods; small semi-natural stands within ancient sites which have developed on former settlements, gravel pits etc.; woods where semi-natural stands have been slightly modified by planting; and woods containing some self-sown sycamore.
• Ancient replanted woodland: "obviously planted woodland of any age of a broadleaf, mixed or coniferous type, identifiable from field survey". Plantations of any coniferous species, sycamore, poplar, red oak, southern beech "and native species planted so densely that the semi-natural underwood is suppressed" are automatically included in this category. "Ancient replanted woodland" excludes beech north of the Chilterns and Cotswolds, and includes sweet chestnut in Kent and other south eastern counties "unless it can be shown that they are suppressing the other semi-natural components of the underwood".
• Ancient woodland sites which have been grubbed: woods which have been cleared for agriculture, mineral extraction or urban development since the publication of the Ordnance Survey First Series 1:25,000 maps.7

A single woodland site in the AWI may comprise one or more of the above types. As previously noted (see Aim and purpose), AWI data has been held by English Nature in two forms: as a database and as a digital boundary dataset.

AWI database

NDAD currently holds a single dataset consisting of tables relating to the AWI which were extracted from English Nature's ENSIS information system in 2001-2002. Three tables (AWISITE, AWITNR and AWISTRV) record information about woodland sites, while four other tables act as lookup tables for fields in AWISITE, AWITNR and AWISTRV. AWISITE contains the main data on woodland sites and provides the following information on individual sites:

• An identifier for the site which acts as a link to the AWITNR and AWISTRV tables and to the GIS data.
• The name (or names) of the site, including an indicator as to whether the name was a local name or one created for the purposes of the Inventory.
• Data on the site's location, including the current grid reference of the centroid of the site; the 10 km square and quadrant of the Ordnance Survey 100 km square in which the site is located; the grid reference of the centroid of the site at the time of the First Series 1:25,000 maps (which may be different from the current grid reference); and the parish (or parishes), county and "Natural Area" in which the site is located. ("Natural Areas" are high-level subdivisions of England created by English Nature as a way of interpreting the ecological variations of the country in terms of natural features).8
• The extent of the site (in hectares), including the original area of the site at the time of the OS First Series 1:25,000 maps; the current area of the site; the area cleared of woodland since the OS First Series maps; the area of ancient replanted woodland; and the area of ancient semi-natural woodland.
• An identifier linked to the SITE lookup table, which identifies any Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) associated with a woodland. Other fields record the total area of woodland designated as SSSI and the area of ancient semi-natural woodland designated as SSSI.
• The total "designated area" of the site in hectares, and the "designated area" comprising ancient semi-natural woodland. There is some question over how the data in these fields (AWIDESARA and AWIDSSNARA) should be interpreted. See the Dataset Catalogue (Links to dataset catalogues) for further details.
• Assessments of the reliability of historical information about the site, and the reliability of recent knowledge of the site.
• An identifier (linked to the TEAM table) for the English Nature team whose area covered the ancient woodland site.

The AWITNR and AWISTRV tables contain additional data on a minority of the woodland sites recorded in AWISITE. AWITNR relates to ownership: it records the total area of a woodland site belonging to an individual owner, and the area of ancient semi-natural woodland within the site belonging to the owner. As a woodland can have more than one owner, more than one record in AWITNR can relate to a single record in AWISITE. Owners are not identified because the relevant lookup table (CUSTMR) was not supplied to NDAD by English Nature (for a description of this table, see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue, references CRDA/43/DD/6/3/3 and CRDA/43/DD/6/4/8). However, it is thought that woodland owners recorded in the AWI data were public bodies (such as local authorities, wildlife trusts and the National Trust) which owned or leased woodland, rather than individual private landowners.9 AWISTRV records information about significant revisions to the data on a woodland site, including comments relating to the revision, which appear to be duplicated in AWISITE.

The four lookup tables (SITE, NATAREA, COUNTY and TEAM) relate to SSSIs, Natural Areas, counties and English Nature teams. The SITE table only comprises two fields (recording the site ID and site name), from the SITE table in ENSIS. The remainder of this table was not transferred to NDAD, although descriptions of the original table are available in the Dataset Documentation Catalogue (references CRDA/43/DD/6/3/1 and CRDA/43/DD/6/4/3). The other lookup tables not only explain codes used in AWISITE but also provide additional information about Natural Areas, counties and teams, although many fields appear to be unpopulated or contain unexplained values.

Digital boundary data

Digital boundary data relating to the AWI has not yet been transferred to NDAD (see Accruals). The digital boundary dataset is described in a web page taken from English Nature's web site which has been preserved by NDAD: see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/3/1.

AWI data and related documentation were selected for preservation by the Public Record Office under theme 2.2.2 of the PRO's Acquisition Policy Statement (impact of the state on the physical environment).

Digital boundary data relating to the AWI has not yet been transferred to NDAD because of problems detected in the data by English Nature. It is anticipated that a dataset of digital boundary data will be sent to NDAD once these problems have been resolved, and that NDAD will continue to receive snapshots of AWI digital boundary data and data in the AWI database in the future.

The AWI dataset and related dataset documentation are public records under the Public Records Acts 1958 and 1967. The Public Record Office has assigned the dataset and documents the class reference FT 43.

The AWI dataset is open without restriction. Data is available for browsing on demand by users of NDAD and does not have to be booked in advance. Some items of dataset documentation are closed for 30 years: see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue for details of the items which are affected.

The copyright of the AWI dataset and dataset documentation belongs to English Nature. Copies may be made for private study and research purposes only.

The AWI dataset held by NDAD is not subject to registration under the Data Protection Act.

The language of the materials is English.

A number of items of documentation relating to the AWI have been transferred to NDAD, and are listed in the Dataset Documentation Catalogue.

NDAD holds datasets and documents relating to the National Inventory of Woodland and Trees (NIWT), a survey of main woodland sites, small woodland sites and trees in England, Wales and Scotland, which was commenced by the Forestry Commission in 1993. See the Series Catalogue for further details. The digitisation of woodland boundaries for the AWI was done in connection with the NIWT (see How data was originally captured and validated).

A number of publications relating to the AWI have been produced by the Nature Conservancy Council and English Nature, including:

• Provisional county inventories, consisting of a report and an accompanying printout of data for each county (see Aim and purpose).
• English Nature Research Reports listing amendments to the AWI since the publication of the provisional county inventories and any previous updates.
• English Nature Research Reports which provide general information about the AWI.

Copies of the above publications have been transferred to NDAD and can be consulted via the Dataset Documentation Catalogue. Note that NDAD has only received the provisional county inventory reports, not the printouts which accompanied the reports.

English Nature Research Reports nos. 131 and 313 contain lists of publications which have used AWI data: see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue, references CRDA/43/DD/1/3, p. 6 and CRDA/43/DD/1/7, p. 15, respectively. A bibliography of publications relating to ancient woodlands (not necessarily the AWI) has been published by English Nature: C. Watkins, An Ancient Woodland Bibliography, English Nature Research Report 42 (Peterborough, 1993).

AWI database

During the early phase of the AWI (before 1991), AWI data was held by the Nature Conservancy Council on a PR1ME "2255 minicomputer".10 When the first dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002, the database is thought to have been available within English Nature via networked PCs linked to a server. Nothing is known about the hardware used with the AWI database in the intervening period, though it is likely that a client/server architecture was used from the time when the AWI was transferred to ENSIS in 1995-1996, and probably before then when the AWI was part of CORDATA/COREDATA (see Logical structure and schema).

Digital boundary data

In 1999 English Nature ran Intergraph on an SCO UNIX server and UNIX and NT workstations. AWI boundaries were digitised by the Forestry Commission using a Laser-Scan GIS package running on a VMS Digital Alpha platform.11 No information is available on the hardware used by English Nature in connection with its MapInfo GIS.

AWI database

No information has been provided on the operating system(s) used in connection with the AWI. It is likely that the PR1ME 2255 (see Hardware) would have run PR1ME's proprietary operating system, PRIMOS.

Digital boundary data

In 1999 SCO UNIX and Microsoft Windows NT were used by English Nature as the operating systems for Intergraph, while VMS was used by the Forestry Commission as the operating system for its Laser-Scan GIS (see Hardware). No information is available on the operating system used by English Nature with the MapInfo GIS, though it is likely to have been Microsoft Windows.

AWI database

A variety of applications have apparently been used to store and manipulate AWI data since the inception of the AWI in 1981. Before 1991 the data was held in a PR1ME Information, PR1ME's database management system, on a PR1ME 2255 minicomputer (see Hardware). English Nature has said that the user interface was written in a language known as STR1DE. By 1995 the AWI database was part of English Nature's CORDATA information system. The data was held in an Informix UniVerse database with a "front end" provided by Informix SystemBuilder+. When the AWI was moved from CORDATA to a new information system (ENSIS) in 1995-1996, UniVerse was replaced by Oracle and SystemBuilder+ by Compuware's UNIFACE. Oracle version 7.3.4 and UNIFACE were still used in connection with the AWI when the first dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002.12

Digital boundary data

By 1994 the boundaries of ancient woodlands in Cumbria and Nottinghamshire had been digitised by English Nature and were held on a GIS system produced by MapInfo. It appears that MapInfo continued to be used by English Nature in connection with the AWI, and was still in use when the first AWI dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002. However, English Nature Research Report 313 indicates that during the project to digitise ancient woodland boundaries (see Aim and purpose), Intergraph was "English Nature's main digital mapping/GIS package". Woodland boundaries were digitised by the Forestry Commission using a GIS produced by Laser-Scan, and the files were sent to English Nature in Data Exchange Format (DXF). At English Nature the data was loaded into Intergraph, linked to records in the AWI database and run through an attribution process to assign each boundary to information stored in the database. The checked and attributed files were then translated into MapInfo format. It is thought that English Nature later stopped using Intergraph in favour of MapInfo.13

When the first AWI dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002, the AWI database was held by English Nature in an information system known as ENSIS (English Nature Sites Information System). ENSIS was itself part of a wider system, TENIS (The English Nature Information System), which encompassed other business areas such as planning and time recording modules. The AWI database was integrated into ENSIS in 1995-1996 as part of the replacement of an earlier information system, CORDATA, of which the AWI database had been a component. CORDATA in turn had replaced a previous system, COREDATA, when English Nature adopted SystemBuilder+ as a "front end" for its applications.14

As previously noted (see Scope and content), the dataset transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002 consists of seven tables, four of which are lookup tables linked in 1:many relationships to the main AWISITE table. AWISITE is linked in a 1:many relationship to AWISTRV (ancient woodland revisions), and in a 1:many relationship to AWITNR. Of the lookup tables, SITE was only supplied to NDAD in part, while NDAD did not receive the CUSTMR table which in ENSIS acted as a lookup table for the CUSTMR_ID field in AWITNR. Descriptions of SITE and CUSTMR have been supplied to NDAD: see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue, references CRDA/43/DD/6/3/1, CRDA/43/DD/6/3/3, CRDA/43/DD/6/4/3 and CRDA/43/DD/6/4/8. No information about the overall structure of ENSIS has been given to NDAD, but it seems clear that the lookup tables do not relate solely to the AWI and must have played a broader role within the system. For example, the full SITE table recorded information about SSSIs (grid reference, area, designation status etc), while the CUSTMR table recorded the contact details of English Nature "customers" (including land-owning organisations). It is likely that the lookup tables were also linked to other non-AWI tables within ENSIS.

The AWI database and digital boundary data are dynamic, in that data has been overwritten by English Nature as updated information is received. Defunct data has not been preserved in the system. However, it would be possible to trace changes to the database by consulting the printouts of data (not transferred to NDAD) which accompanied the provisional county inventories, and by consulting the Research Reports which list amendments to the database (see Publications produced by the originating department).

AWI database

The AWI was preceded by trials in Norfolk, Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. These indicated that it was feasible to identify ancient woodland sites using information from maps and existing survey data, rather than by carrying out field surveys specifically for the Inventory. Since its inception the AWI has followed this methodology of gathering data from existing sources.15

The initial stage of the data gathering process involved identifying woods over two hectares on Ordnance Survey First Series 1:25,000 maps, surveyed between 1880 and 1960 (most were surveyed in the first quarter of the 20th century). These provided a "base line" for the Inventory, and were used because they excluded afforestation which had occurred since 1945. A number of other sources were used in conjunction with the First Series maps to determine which woods were ancient, and to gather information about them:

• Earlier 19th century Ordnance Survey maps, including First Edition 1:63,360 maps (surveyed 1805-1873) and 1:10,560 "County Series" maps (largely surveyed by 1900); pre-Ordnance Survey county maps from the 18th and early 19th centuries; and 17th and 18th century estate maps. Likely areas of ancient woodland were identified by their presence on the maps, and as a result of map features which were felt to indicate ancient woodland. These included a wood's name, its situation in the landscape, the nature of the surrounding pattern of enclosure, and the pattern of boundaries in the wood.
• The following were also used as indicators that a site might be ancient: records of ancient boundary features, the presence of a coppice-with-standards or a coppice structure, evidence of former pasture-woodland management, and the presence of species associated with ancient woodland.
• Previous field surveys, published sources, forestry stock maps and information from woodland landowners were used to determine the extent of woodland sites, and whether they were ancient semi-natural woodland or ancient replanted woodland.
• Aerial photographs were examined to determine the current extent of woods, distinguish between ancient semi-natural woodland and ancient replanted woodland, and measure the extent of woodland loss since the First Series maps.

The areas of ancient semi-natural, ancient replanted and ancient cleared woodland were measured on projections of the First Series maps using a romer dot grid overlay. For each woodland considered by the AWI, a data sheet was prepared summarising the information which had been used to determine whether the wood should be included in the Inventory. (When the first AWI dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002, these sheets were still held in English Nature's Lowlands Team). Data was input to the AWI database for those sites which had been identified as ancient.16

Since the publication of the original provisional county inventories, the AWI database has been updated by English Nature's Lowlands Team on the basis of more recent surveys conducted by English Nature, local authorities and wildlife trusts, and as a result of comments from the Forestry Commission and woodland owners. Revisions were also made as a result of the project to digitise ancient woodland boundaries (see below), which led to more accurate measurements of the extent of woodland sites. Amendments to the data have included: updating data on a site's conservation status; changes to the site's ownership information; reclassification of a site from ancient semi-natural to ancient replanted woodland (and vice versa); changes to the extent of a site; the deletion of sites or parts of sites previously considered to be ancient; and the addition of sites to the AWI based on new information. Amendments to the database are summarised in a series of Research Reports published by English Nature (see Publications produced by the originating department).17

Digital boundary data

By 1994 English Nature had digitised the boundaries of ancient woodland sites in Nottinghamshire and Cumbria, while the Forestry Commission had digitised sites in North Yorkshire.18 In 1995 a joint project was initiated between English Nature and the Forestry Authority (then part of the Forestry Commission) to digitise the remaining boundaries of ancient woodland in England as part of the Forestry Commission's National Inventory of Woodland and Trees (on the NIWT, see Related units of description). The digitisation was carried out by the Forestry Authority at 1:25,000 scale using the 1:50,000 maps in the provisional county inventory reports. For some counties 1:25,000 maps were used where available. In some cases ancient woodland boundary data which had already been captured by local authorities was also incorporated into the system. Only the boundaries of ancient semi-natural woodland and ancient replanted woodland were digitised. Ancient woodland sites which had been grubbed since the First Series 1:25,000 maps were excluded from the digitisation project.

English Nature's role in the project was to check hard copy printouts of boundary data from the Forestry Commission and local authorities against the AWI database and maps held at English Nature. Amended printouts were sent back to the Forestry Authority for correction. The corrected boundary data was returned by the Forestry Authority to English Nature in DXF format, and was imported into English Nature's GIS system (see Application software). The identifiers for woodland sites were imported into the GIS from the AWI database, and were placed within each digital boundary. The data was then run through a process of attribution to connect the boundary data to data in the AWI database via the site identifiers.19

The digitisation project is thought to have been completed in 1999.20 When the first AWI dataset was transferred to NDAD in 2001-2002, AWI digital boundaries and associated data from the AWI database could be downloaded from English Nature's web site as 26 separate files based on Ordnance Survey grid letters. Each file could be split into up to four sub-files based on 50 km x 50 km Ordnance Survey "tiles" or quadrants. The data was split up in such a way that the tiles did not cut through any part of a site.21 Further information about the digital boundary data is provided in a page downloaded from English Nature's web site which has been preserved by NDAD: see the Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/3/1.

The general limitations of the AWI are discussed in the report by Spencer and Kirby, "An Inventory of Ancient Woodland for England and Wales" (Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1). The limitations of the digital boundary data are discussed in English Nature Research Report 313 (Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/7). In particular, it should be noted that the AWI's approach has been to include rather than exclude borderline sites. Sites have been retained in the Inventory even if there is uncertaintly over whether they should be classed as ancient, on the grounds that this will allow their status to be re-appraised when more information becomes available. There is a similar bias towards ancient semi-natural woodland: woods have been classified as ancient semi-natural if it is unclear whether they should be regarded as ancient semi-natural woodland or ancient replanted woodland.22

Details of the content and transformation validation checks performed by NDAD staff on the AWI datasets are contained in the catalogues of individual datasets: see Links to dataset catalogues.

Dataset catalogues provide more detailed information about individual datasets, and are currently available for the following dataset(s):

1. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1, pp. 2-6; CRDA/43/DD/1/3, pp. 4-5; CRDA/43/DD/1/7, p. 4.

2. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1, p. 5.

3. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/7, pp. 10-11; CRDA/43/DD/3/1.

4. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, pp. 6-7, 20.

5. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1, p. 4; CRDA/43/DD/1/7, p. 4.

6. Email from English Nature to NDAD, 4 April 2002.

7. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, p. 5.

8. English Nature web site, "Natural Areas and Their Role" (http://www.english-nature.gov.uk/Science/natural/role.htm) consulted on 27 March 2002

9. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, p. 10; CRDA/43/DD/1/5, p. 3.

10. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1, p. 7.

11. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/7, p. 18.

12. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, p. 11; CRDA/43/DD/1/7, p. 18; note of telephone conversation between English Nature and NDAD on 19 September 2001; notes of emails from English Nature to NDAD on 19-20 November 2001; emails from English Nature to NDAD on 4 April 2002 and 20 June 2002.

13. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, p. 20; CRDA/43/DD/1/7, pp. 10, 18; CRDA/43/DD/4/1; note of telephone conversation between English Nature and NDAD on 31 July 2001.

14. Emails from English Nature to NDAD on 3 December 2001 and 3 April 2002.

15. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, pp. 4, 8.

16. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1, pp. 6-10; CRDA/43/DD/1/3, pp. 8-9.

17. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/2; CRDA/43/DD/1/6, pp. 1-3.

18. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/3, p. 20; CRDA/43/DD/4/1

19. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/7, pp. 10-11, 18.

20. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/6, p. 17; CRDA/43/DD/1/7, p. 11.

21. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/3/1.

22. Dataset Documentation Catalogue, reference CRDA/43/DD/1/1, pp. 6, 11-12.